diff --git a/a.h b/a.h
index 025fcfe..40f33b7 100644
--- a/a.h
+++ b/a.h
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-#include<libgen.h>
 #include<stdint.h>
 #include<stdio.h>
 #include<stdlib.h>
@@ -25,7 +24,6 @@ typedef int16_t Hs;
 typedef uint32_t W;
 typedef int32_t Ws;
 typedef FILE*F;
-
 NR V die(IM C*,...);
 V asrt(B,IM C*);
 V*mk(W);
diff --git a/as.c b/as.c
index ab250b3..d2a84bb 100644
--- a/as.c
+++ b/as.c
@@ -1,27 +1,39 @@
-#include"u.h"
-#define BE(y,...)Q(seql(Sl(y),x),__VA_ARGS__)OR
+#include"a.h"
+#define Aget(T,a,i)*(T*)aget((a),i)
+#define Afop(T,a,x,i,...)for(W i=0;i<(a)->l;++i){T*x=aget((a),i);__VA_ARGS__;}
+#define Afor(T,a,x,i,...)for(W i=0;i<(a).l;++i){T x=Aget(T,&(a),i);__VA_ARGS__;}
+#define Nt(T,p)((T*)(p)->v)
+#define S0 (S){0,0}
+#define Sl(s)(S){SZ(s)-1,(B*)(s)}
+#define Sfor(s,x,i,...)W i;for(i=0;i<s.l;++i){B x=s.p[i];__VA_ARGS__;}
+#define BE(y,...)Q(0==scmp(Sl(y),x),__VA_ARGS__)OR
 #define MEMSZ 0x40000
 #define OPSZ 37
-
-typedef struct l{W a;struct l*p;Ht c;}Label;
-typedef struct{Vec ws;}Macro;
-typedef struct{B r;S n;W a;Label*p;}Ref;
-
+typedef struct a A;typedef struct s S;typedef struct n N,*T;
+typedef struct l L;typedef struct p P;
+struct a{W z,c,l;B*p;};
+struct s{W l;B*p;};
+struct n{N*l,*r;W z;S k;B v[];};
+struct l{N*p;W a;};
+struct p{B r;N*p;W a;S n;};
 _ B orq=0,meb[MEMSZ];
 _ W org=0,mew,mel;
-_ Label*label;
-_ Ht macros;
-_ Vec refs;
-_ V finp(F);
-
+_ T root=0;
+_ T macros=0;
+_ A refs;
+_ V aini(A*a,W c,W z){*a=(A){z,c,0,mk(c*z)};}
+_ V*aget(A*a,W i){R a->p+(a->z*i);}
+_ V*aput(A*a){Q(2*a->l>a->c,a->c*=2,a->p=remk(a->p,a->c*a->z))R aget(a,a->l++);}
+_ C scmp(S a,S b){Q(a.l!=b.l,R b.l-a.l;)Sfor(a,c,i,Q(c!=b.p[i],R b.p[i]-a.p[i];))R 0;}
+_ N*nnew(S k,W z){N*n;n=mk(z+SZ(N)),n->k=k;R n;}
+_ N*nget(T n,S k    ){            C c;WH(n,Q(0==(c=scmp(k,n->k)),R n);n=0<c?n->l:n->r)R 0;}
+_ N*nput(T*t,S k,W z){N*o=0,*n=*t;C c;WH(n,Q(0==(c=scmp(k,n->k)),R 0)o=n,n=0<c?n->l:n->r)R*(!o?t:0<c?&o->l:&o->r)=nnew(k,z);}
+_ S snxt(S s,B d){_ S x;_ W i;W b;Q(s.l,i=0,x=s);for(;i<x.l;++i){N(d==x.p[i],b=i;for(;i<x.l;++i)Q(d==x.p[i],break)R(S){i-b,x.p+b})}R(S){0,0};}
 _ V mb(W i,B b){Q(i>=MEMSZ||i<org,die("memory overflow or underflow {ip=%x}",i))meb[i-org]=b;}
 _ V mh(W i,H h){mb(i,h>>8),mb(i+1,h);}
 _ V mw(W i,W w){mh(i,w>>16),mh(i+2,w);}
 _ V mcpy(W dst,B*src,W l){for(W i=0;i<l;++i)mb(dst+i,src[i]);}
-_ V rini(Ref*r,B b,S n){*r=(Ref){b,n,mel,label};}
-_ V lini(Label*l){l->a=mel,l->p=label,hini(&l->c,4,SZ(Label)),label=l;}
-_ Label*lget(Label*l,S n){S x;Label*p=l;x=snxt(n,'/');
-  WH(p,Q(l=hget(p->c,x),break)p=p->p)N(l,R l)WH((x=snxt(S0,'/')).l,Q(l,l=hget(l->c,x))OR R 0)R l;}
+_ L*lget(N*p,S k){S x;N*l;x=snxt(k,'/');N(p,p=root)WH(p,Q(l=nget(p,x),break;);p=Nt(L,p)->p)WH(l&&(x=snxt(S0,'/')).l,l=nget(l,x))R(L*)(l?l->v:0);}
 _ B ops[OPSZ*2]="npexpbphpwprfbfhfwmbmhmwioiissdrswduovadsumudianorxrslsrsaeqltgtnojujccacc";
 _ B op(B x[2]){W i=0;WH(i++<OPSZ,Q(ops[i*2]==x[0]&&ops[1+i*2]==x[1],R i));R OPSZ;}
 _ B htob(B h){R h>='a'&&h<='f'?h-'a'+10:h>='A'&&h<='F'?h-'F'+10:h>='0'&&h<='9'?h-'0':16;}
@@ -36,6 +48,7 @@ _ S next(S*t){B c,**p;W*l;l=&t->l,p=&t->p;*p+=*l,*l=0;WH(ws(**p),++*p);c=**p,++*
   Q('"'==c,WH('"'!=(*p)[(*l)++],))OR
   Q('{'==c,WH('}'!=(*p)[(*l)++],))OR WH(!ws((*p)[*l]),++*l);
   R*t;}
+_ V finp(F);
 _ V builtin(S*t){FILE*f;S y,x=*t;++x.p,--x.l;
   BE("org",y=next(t),tasrt(y,'#'),mel=tton(*t);N(orq,orq=1,org=mel))
   BE("res",y=next(t),tasrt(y,'#'),mel+=tton(*t))
@@ -46,18 +59,18 @@ _ V pass1(S*t){_ B o=0;S x=*t;B c;c=*x.p;
   Q('{'==c,/*discard*/)OR
   Q('"'==c,mcpy(mel,x.p+1,x.l-=2),mew=mel+=x.l)OR
   Q('#'==c,B bs[tz(x)];tto4b(x,bs),mcpy(mel,bs,SZ(bs)),mew=mel+=SZ(bs))OR
-  Q(':'==c,++x.p,--x.l,lini(hput(&label->c,x)))OR
-  Q('@'==c,++x.p,--x.l,rini(vput(&refs),0,x),mew=mel+=4)OR
-  Q('^'==c,++x.p,--x.l,rini(vput(&refs),1,x),mew=mel+=1)OR
-  Q('!'==c,Macro*m;++x.p,--x.l,m=hput(&macros,x);vini(&m->ws,8,SZ(S));WH(';'!=*next(t).p,*(S*)vput(&m->ws)=*t))OR
-  Q('`'==c,Macro*m;++x.p,--x.l;Q(m=hget(macros,x),Vfor(S,m->ws,y,i,pass1(&y)))OR tw(x),die(" unknown macro"))OR
+  Q(':'==c,N*l;++x.p,--x.l;N(l=nput(&root,x,SZ(L)),tw(x),die(" duplicate label"))*Nt(L,l)=(L){root,mel},root=l)OR
+  Q('!'==c,N*m;++x.p,--x.l;N(m=nput(&macros,x,SZ(A)),tw(x),die(" duplicate macro"))aini(Nt(A,m),8,SZ(S));WH(';'!=*next(t).p,*(S*)aput(Nt(A,m))=*t))OR
+  Q('@'==c,++x.p,--x.l,*(P*)aput(&refs)=(P){0,root,mel,x},mw(mel,0),mew=mel+=4)OR
+  Q('^'==c,++x.p,--x.l,*(P*)aput(&refs)=(P){1,root,mel,x},mb(mel,0),mew=mel+=1)OR
+  Q('`'==c,N*m;++x.p,--x.l;N(m=nget(macros,x),tw(x),die(" unknown macro"))Afor(S,*Nt(A,m),y,i,pass1(&y)))OR
   Q('-'==c,builtin(t))OR
-  Q(';'==c,N(label->p,die("; at top-level"))label=label->p)OR
+  Q(';'==c,N(root,die("; at top-level"))root=((L*)root->v)->p)OR
   Q('~'==c,++x.p,--x.l,o|=0x40,pass1(&x))OR
   Q('$'==c,++x.p,--x.l,o|=0x80,pass1(&x))OR
   Q(2!=x.l||OPSZ==(o|=op(x.p)),tw(x),die(" unknown inst"))OR
   mb(mel++,o),mew=mel,o=0;}
-_ V pass2(V){Label*l;Ws a;Bs b;Vfor(Ref,refs,r,i,Q(l=lget(r.p,r.n),
+_ V pass2(V){L*l;Ws a;Bs b;Afor(P,refs,r,i,Q(l=lget(r.p,r.n),
       Q(0==r.r,mw(r.a,l->a))OR
       Q(1==r.r,a=l->a-r.a;Q(a==(b=a),mb(r.a,b))OR tw(r.n),die(" too far (%d bytes) for ^ref",a)))OR
     tw(r.n),die(" unknown ref"))}
@@ -67,8 +80,7 @@ _ V finp(F f){B*in;W l;S t={0};
 _ V fout(F f){pass2();xw(f,meb,1,mew-org);}
 I main(I ac,C**av){FILE *f;
   Q(3!=ac,die("usage: as INPUT.ASM OUTPUT.ROM"))
-  label=&(Label){0,0,{0}};
-  hini(&label->c,64,SZ(Label)),hini(&macros,64,SZ(Macro)),vini(&refs,64,SZ(Ref));
+  aini(&refs,64,SZ(P));
   WIF(f,av[1],"rb",finp(f))
   WIF(f,av[2],"wb",fout(f))
   printf("done: %d bytes wrote\n",mew-org);
diff --git a/meson.build b/meson.build
index f87c48a..d60a8f8 100644
--- a/meson.build
+++ b/meson.build
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ project('kip','c',version:'0.0.1',
                          'werror=true'])
 sdl2=dependency('sdl2')
 liba=library('a','a.c')
-libu=library('u','u.c',link_with:liba)
 executable('kip',
            'kip.c',
            'kip-io-disk.c',
@@ -17,6 +16,4 @@ executable('kip',
            link_with:liba)
 executable('as',
            'as.c',
-           link_with:libu)
-
-test('libu',executable('u','t/u.c',link_with:libu))
+           link_with:liba)
diff --git a/u.c b/u.c
deleted file mode 100644
index b87ce73..0000000
--- a/u.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-#include"u.h"
-V vini(Vec*v,W c,W z){*v=(Vec){z,c,0,mk(c*z)};}
-V vgrw(Vec*v,W c){v->p=remk(v->p,c*v->z),v->c=c;}
-V*vput(Vec*v){Q(v->l>=v->c,vgrw(v,(v->c*3)/2))R vget(*v,v->l++);}
-V*vget(Vec v,W i){R v.p+(v.z*i);}
-B seql(S a,S b){Q(a.l!=b.l,R 0)Sfor(a,c,i,Q(c!=b.p[i],R 0))R 1;}
-S snxt(S s,B d){_ S x;_ W i;W b;Q(s.l,i=0,x=s);for(;i<x.l;++i){N(d==x.p[i],b=i;for(;i<x.l;++i)Q(d==x.p[i],break)R(S){i-b,x.p+b})}R S0;}
-W fnv1a(S s){W h=16777619;Sfor(s,c,i,h^=c,c*=2166136261)R h;}
-V hini(Ht*h,W c,W z){*h=(Ht){z,c,0,mk(c*SZ(S)),mk(c*z)};}
-V hgrw(Ht*h,W c){Ht j=*h;h->k=mk(c*SZ(S)),h->v=mk(c*h->z),h->c=c;Hfor(j,k,v,i,memcpy(hput(h,k),v,h->z));del(j.k),del(j.v);}
-W hind(Ht h,S k){W j,i=fnv1a(k);do j=i%h.c;while(i++,h.k[j].l&&!seql(k,h.k[j]));R j;}
-V*hget(Ht h,S k){W i=hind(h,k);R h.k[i].l?h.v+i*h.z:0;}
-V*hput(Ht*h,S k){W i;Q((++h->l)*3/2>=h->c,hgrw(h,h->c*3/2))i=hind(*h,k),h->k[i]=k;R h->v+i*h->z;}
diff --git a/u.h b/u.h
deleted file mode 100644
index a609bc4..0000000
--- a/u.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-#include"a.h"
-
-typedef struct{W z,c,l;B*p;}Vec;
-#define Vget(T,v,i)*(T*)vget((v),i)
-#define Vfor(T,v,x,i,...)for(W i=0;i<(v).l;++i){T x=Vget(T,v,i);__VA_ARGS__;}
-V vini(Vec*,W,W);
-V vgrw(Vec*,W);
-V*vget(Vec,W);
-V*vput(Vec*);
-
-typedef struct{W l;B*p;}S;
-#define S0 (S){0,0}
-#define Sl(s)(S){SZ(s)-1,(B*)(s)}
-#define Sfor(s,x,i,...)W i;for(i=0;i<(s).l;++i){B x=s.p[i];__VA_ARGS__;}
-B seql(S,S);
-S snxt(S,B);
-W fnv1a(S);
-
-typedef struct{W z,c,l;S*k;B*v;}Ht;
-#define Hget(T,h,i)(T*)hget((h),(i))
-#define Hfor(h,n,v,i,...)for(W i=0;i<(h).c;++i){S n=(h).k[i];Q(k.l,B*v=(B*)((h).v+i*(h).z);__VA_ARGS__;)}
-V hini(Ht*,W,W);
-V hgrw(Ht*,W);
-W hind(Ht,S);
-V*hget(Ht,S);
-V*hput(Ht*,S);